Ticklish Techs

We all know and love the foreach keyword in C# and use it for loops every day:

List<int> list = new List<int>();
/* fill the list */
foreach (int i in list)
    Console.WriteLine(i);

But the generic List<T> class contains a useful method for small loops, too. The method is called ForEach() and has only one parameter: an Action<T>.

delegates: Action<>, Func<> and Predicate<>

The Framework 3.5 defines a few generic delegate types for actions and functions. In this case a function is something that returns a value (think back to your math class) and actions are something that do not return a value but do something (maybe think back to physics class). All these delegates are defined with zero, one, two, three and four parameters:

public delegate voidAction();
public delegate voidAction<T>(T obj);
public delegate voidAction<T1, T2>(T1 arg1, T2 arg2);
public delegate voidAction<T1, T2, T3>(T1 arg1, T2 arg2, T3 arg3);
public delegate voidAction<T1, T2, T3, T4>(T1 arg1, T2 arg2, T3 arg3, T4 arg4);

public delegateTResult Func<TResult>();
public delegateTResult Func<T, TResult>(T arg);
public delegateTResult Func<T1, T2, TResult>(T1 arg1, T2 arg2);
public delegateTResult Func<T1, T2, T3, TResult>(T1 arg1, T2 arg2, T3 arg3);
public delegateTResult Func<T1, T2, T3, T4, TResult>(T1 arg1, T2 arg2, T3 arg3, T4 arg4);

And there is one more delegate. The Predicate<T> (philosophy class, you know). A predicate comes to a logical decision (true or false; bool return value) based on a single object:
public delegate bool Predicate<T>(T obj);

All these delegates are generic so you can use them in a type save way with the type parameters you need.

Back to the ForEach() method

As I explained above, the ForEach() method takes an Action<T> parameter. In my example this is an Action<int> delegate:

list.ForEach( delegate(int i) {Console.WriteLine(i);} );

This anonymous delegate declaration is not that nice, but we can use Lamda types here:

list.ForEach(i => Console.WriteLine(i));

But let’s take a look at the method we’re calling: void Console.WriteLine(int). That is exactly the definition of the needed Action here. So we can write the code line even shorter:

list.ForEach( Console.WriteLine );

I like this code. It is very short, elegant and readable. It says: “For each [entry of] the list: write it out”. Great.

There is a known issue in the current version of the DSL Tools while dealing with custom TypeConverters or custom TypeDescriptors:

1.10 TypeConverters and TypeDescriptors are not picked up during the build process or during toolbox initialization.
When adding a custom TypeConverter or TypeDescriptor and then building the DSL, the TypeConvertor or TypeDescriptor is not picked up. The workaround is to rebuild the solution with a clean build.

[see Known Issues for Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 SDK 1.0]

Some time ago I posted a workaround for this problem with the TypeConverter, but today a realized that this workaround does not work with the same issue for TypeDescriptors.

Imagine some class with the following attribute:

[TypeDescriptionProvider(typeof(MyClassTypeDescriptionProvider))]
public partial class MyClass : ModelElement
{}

The corresponding TypeDescriptor (provided by the MyClassTypeDescriptionProvider class) is loaded only the first time you build or rebuild your solution. Every time you start Visual Studio after that, this attribute seems to be ignored.

Fortunately there is another way to glue TypeDescriptors to your classes using a static method of the TypeDescriptor class at runtime:

TypeDescriptor.AddProvider(
   new MyClassTypeDescriptionProvider(), typeof(MyClass));

I think a good place for this code is the static constructor of the MyClass type:

partial class MyClass
{
    static MyClass()
    {
        TypeDescriptor.AddProvider(
            new MyClassTypeDescriptionProvider(),
            typeof(MyClass));
    }
}

Another interesting point is: Not only custom TypeDescriptors you write yourself are affected by this problem, also the TypeDescriptors that are generated by the DSL-Tools from your DslDefintion have to struggle with it:

In the DSL Explorer you can define custom TypeDescriptors for each Domain Class and each Shape. Even these TypeDescriptors will not be loaded after the first run. In other words: the definition of TypeDescriptors in the DSL Explorer is pretty useless as long as you do not add the three lines of code to each class. Of course this is something one can automate! 🙂 I stole some code from PropertiesGrid.tt and added a few lines to create the RegisterTypeDescriptor.tt. Just add this file to your Dsl Project in the GeneratedCode folder and all TypeDescriptors defined in the DSL Explorer will be loaded every time you start your project.

As you know I was working with the DSL Tools in the past months. For some weeks I am writing the code generation for my project and I am struggling with new problems.

For some reason I want to know the filename of the model used in the tt-file. The default implementation provides you only with a reference to the model but with no chance to get its filename.

In your tt-file you will find something similar to

<#@ Language15 processor="Language15DirectiveProcessor"
     requires="fileName='Sample.mydsl1'" #>

This will use the Language15DirectiveProcessor to load the given file and provide your template with a global ExampleModel variable (of cause the name depends on your DSL and you can change it with the provides attribute in the tt-file).

To change the Language15DirectiveProcessor you can create a partial class in your DSL and add some code to it:

partial class Language15DirectiveProcessor
{
    protected override void GenerateTransformCode
     (string directiveName,
      StringBuilder codeBuffer,
      System.CodeDom.Compiler.CodeDomProvider languageProvider,
      IDictionary<string, string> requiresArguments,
      IDictionary<string, string> providesArguments)
      {
        base.GenerateTransformCode(directiveName,
                    codeBuffer, languageProvider,
                    requiresArguments, providesArguments);           

        codeBuffer.AppendFormat(
           "public string {1} = @\"{0}\";",
             requiresArguments["FileName"],
             providesArguments["FileName"]);

       codeBuffer.AppendLine();
    }

    protected override void InitializeProvidesDictionary
    (string directiveName,
      IDictionary<string, string> providesDictionary)
    {
        base.InitializeProvidesDictionary(directiveName,
                            providesDictionary);

        providesDictionary.Add("FileName","FileName");
    }
}

This adds a new global variable FileName to the tt and initializes it with the model file name.

Attention: You see the variable in this example is generated by writing a line of C# code to the codeBuffer. This may be a bad idea if you want to use this DirectiveProcessor for templates where the template language is set to VB. The better way is to create the code using the Emit and CodeDom API, but I was to lazy to do it that way.

If anybody ports this code to work with VB templates by using the CodeDom or plain VB code, please post a comment here.

Further reading: The process of creating your own DirectiveProcessor and everything you need to understand the code above can be found in the msdn: Creating Custom Text Template Directive Processors.

One of my DSLs uses many black connectors laying all over the screen. Every time I try to follow one connector I select it to change the border and to see a difference between all connectors. A colleague saw this design and asks me to implement a mouse over feedback for these connectors since all shapes have already such a visual feedback. The color of shapes changes a little bit if the mouse is over the shape. I had no idea how this should work for connectors…

First I take a look on the properties of the connector in the DSL designer and while searching I observed something: The DSL designer has this behavior on all connectors! I don’t have to write code for the MouseOver-event, but I have to figure out how to activate this behavior on my DSL editor.

For my surprise, the connectors on a newly created example language have a mouse over feedback, too. After playing around with some properties I was faced to a interesting fact: The mouse over feedback works pretty good for all connectors but black ones. I had no idea what’s going on.

Long story short: With Reflector I found one interesting method in the ShapeElement class: ModifyLuminosity(). The documentation is very clear:

"Calculates the luminosity of the highlight for the shape."

"The formula that creates luminosity. By default, the formula is: if luminosity is >= 160, then luminosity = luminosity * 0.9; otherwise, luminosity = luminosity + 40."

The luminosity of a black connector is 0 so the new luminosity will be 40. But for the color black you hardly see a difference between 0 and 40. But with this knowledge you can override the method in the connector class like this:

protected override int ModifyLuminosity
              (int currentLuminosity, DiagramClientView view)
{
  if(!view.HighlightedShapes.Contains(new DiagramItem(this)))
     return currentLuminosity;
        
 return 130;
}

The value 130 on a black connector works pretty good for me. Just try a few values und find a value you like.

Visual Studio 2005 had a known issue with the setup project and the RemovePreviousVersions option if the version number of your software is less than 1.0. This was a problem for me every time I released a new version of PhotoTagStudio. Like most small open source projects I won’t call it 1.0 (the current version is 0.7).

I described the problem and a workaround using the tool orca.exe. Every time I build a new setup I had to patch the setup. Last week I switched my PhotoTagStudio project to Visual Studio 2008 and created a new release. While patching the created msi I discovered that there is no need to do it that way any more. The problem seems to be fixed in the Visual Studio 2008 release!

Great work Microsoft!

In To restrict dynamically the usage of Domain Properties in DSL Models I described a way to restrict the usage of certain domain properties by the user. You can define different modes for your editor and thus allow or prevent the usage of domain properties via attributes on your domain classes. The technique is described in the linked article and the code is released as part of JaDAL – Just another DSL-Tools Addon Library.

This is a pretty static way to control the domain properties. You have to define a few modes and decide at design time the visible and active properties for each mode. Sometimes you need a more dynamic way: So I introduced another attribute CustomRestrictedPropertyAttribute and an interface ISupportsUserRestrictions. If this attribute is present, the library will call the GetRestriction() method of this interface and your user code can decide whenever the domain property will be visible, hidden or read only.

I built a small example: a domain class contains a few properties: CustomPropery, CustomPropertyVisible and CustomPropertyReadOnly. The two flags cause the first property to be visible, hidden or read only in the properties window.

[CustomRestrictedProperty("CustomProperty")]
partial class ExampleElement : ISupportsUserRestrictions
{
    public Restriction GetRestriction(string property)
    {
        if (property == "CustomProperty")
        {
            if (!this.CustomPropertyVisible)
                return Restriction.Hidden;

            if (this.CustumPropertyReadOnly)
                return Restriction.ReadOnly;

            return Restriction.Full;
        }

        return Restriction.Full;
    }
}

This example can be downloaded as part of the JaDAL source code. Currently you have to catch the code directly from the Source Code tab at CodePlex since it isn’t part of the latest Release yet.

Over the time I build some libraries that enhance the Microsoft DSL Tools framework and post them here. I wrote a number of articles and for many of them I provided a download with source code or examples.

However we all know: zip files are a bad version management system!

I decided to put all these code together and compose a single library with addons for the DSL Tools, name it “JaDAL – Just another DSL-Tools Addon Library” and publish it at CodePlex. I will continue to write articles here, but now you can always find the latest code at CodePlex.

If you are interested in my work with the DSL Tools, just take a look at JaDAL.

Few months ago I wrote a series of articles and released a library to create connectors between the entries of compartment shapes in Microsoft DSL Tools. In the meantime I found a setting that wasn’t working with my library and now it is time for version 2. I will release this new version as part of JaDAL – Just another DSL-Tools Addon Library on CodePlex.

If you don’t have any idea what I’m talking about please take a look at (at least) the first part of the series, but be careful and DO NOT read the second part! The second part contains obsolete information that will be corrected here. Part 3 and part 4 describe the inside of the library and they are still valid for the new version.

Changes from version 1 to 2

In the original version you have to decide (using the xml file) for the target and source of the connection to be mapped to a compartment or a regular shape. I thought this wouldn’t be an issue since you must know the mapping of your classes. I believed it until I created my DSL with the use of inheritance and some base class that can be mapped to regular or compartment shapes. For this base class I couldn’t create a mapping that goes from a regular or a compartment shape to a regular or compartment shape.

I removed this constraint and in version 2 you needn’t care about it. The library can handle all these cases (even the trivial mapping from regular to regular shape). And even the best: it turned out that removing this constraint made the code much clearer and simpler (both the code of the library itself and the code you have to write). Before this change there were many different cases (first regular to compartment, then compartment to regular, then compartment to compartment and at the end regular to regular which throws an exception) and now everything works the same way.

Lesson learned: If you can do something in an abstract and general way, don’t create different cases and handle only some of them!

And again: the user guide

In the 2nd part of this series I presented a user guide with a step by step walkthrough of creating a DSL using the compartment mapping. I will now create the same DSL with version 2. Most steps are still the same but I repeat them for completeness. The main difference is the xml file format at step 7 and the class you have to write yourself in steps 9 to 11.

You will find this example (and a more advanced one) in the release download over at CodePlex.

1. You need TTxGen to generate some code from my templates. See my article for more information and a workaround for an installation problem.
2. I assume you have a DSL solution and at least two Domain Classes mapped to two compartment shapes and two more Domain Classes used as entries of the compartment shapes created. In my example these classes are called Parent1, Entry1, Parent2 and Entry2.
   The entries need a unique identifier. You could use a name property for this, but there will be some difficulties if the user creates two entries in one shape with the same name, so I will use a guid. (Don’t forget to create a new guid in the constructor or another proper place.)
3. Create a Reference Relationship from Parent1 to Parent2. This will be automatically named Parent1ReferencesParent2. We will use this reference to present the relationship from one entry to another. I would like to create Reference Relationships from this relationship to the entries, but relationships of relationships are not supported. We have to store the guids of the entries in the relationship and add two Domain Properties for this purpose to it. I named them fromEntry and toEntry.
    
4. Set the Allows Duplicates property of the Parent1ReferencesParent2 relationship to true.
5. Set the Is Custom property of the Connection Builder (Parent1ReferencesParent2Builder) in the DSL Explorer to true.
6. Add a reference to JaDAL.dll to both the Dsl and DslPackage project.
7. Add a new xml file (in my example CompartmentMappings.xml) to your solution and write the following code in it:

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
   <CompartmentMappings xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="CompartmentMappings.xsd"
    namespace="BenjaminSchroeter.CompartmentMapping">
    
     <Connection name="Parent1ReferencesParent2" 
       allowSelfReference="true"
       suppressEntryDeletePropagation="false">
       
       <Source allowHead="false">
         <DomainClass name="Parent1" />
         <EntryDomainClass name="Entry1"/>
       </Source>
       
       <Target allowHead="true">
         <DomainClass name="Parent2"/>
         <EntryDomainClass name="Entry2"/>
       </Target>
       
       <Connector name="Connector"/>
     </Connection>
   
     <CompartmentShape name="CompartmentShape1"/>
     <CompartmentShape name="CompartmentShape2"/>
   </CompartmentMappings>
   

   (If you place the xsd file in the same directory you get IntelliSense and error checking for free.)

8. Place the CompartmentMappings.tt file in the same directory, right-click on the xml file and choose Generate xGen Template. A CompartmentMappings_xGen.tt file will be created below the xml file and there you have to add the following lines:

   <#@ ParentFileInjector processor="TTxGenDirectiveProcessor" 
       requires="fileName='CompartmentMappings.xml'" #>
   <#@ include file="CompartmentMappings.tt" #>

   (Be sure you use the right xml file name here.)

9. Now you have to write some code by yourself. In the generated cs file (CompartmentMappings_xGen.cs) there will be a class named Parent1ReferencesParent2BuilderInstance with three missing methods you have to override. Create a partial class in a new file and implement these methods (see 10 and 11).

10. Implement the CreateElementLink() method in this file. Here you have to add code to store the selected compartment entries for source and target in the properties of the relationship (see 3).

    protected override ElementLink CreateElementLink
        (Parent1 source, 
         SelectedCompartmentPartType sourcePartType,
         Entry1 sourceEntry, 
         Parent2 target,
         SelectedCompartmentPartType targetPartType, 
         Entry2 targetEntry)
    {
        Parent1ReferencesParent2 result;
        result = new Parent1ReferencesParent2(source, target);
        if(sourcePartType== SelectedCompartmentPartType.Head)
            // use a empty guid for the Head
            result.fromEntry = Guid.Empty; 
        else
            result.fromEntry = sourceEntry.Guid;
    
        if(targetPartType== SelectedCompartmentPartType.Head)
            // use a empty guid for the Head
            result.toEntry = Guid.Empty;
        else
            result.toEntry = targetEntry.Guid;
    
        return result;
    }

11. In the CreateElementLink() method you have stored the source and target entry information somewhere; my library does not know about this location. So we need two additional methods to compare an entry with a relationship and answer the question "Is this entry the source of a given relationship?" and the same for the target. These code resists in the same file:

    public override bool IsEntryConnectionSource
        (Entry1 entry, 
         Parent1ReferencesParent2 connection)
    {
        if (entry == null)
            return connection.fromEntry.Equals(Guid.Empty);
    
        return connection.fromEntry.Equals(entry.Guid);
    }
    
    public override bool IsEntryConnectionTarget
        (Entry2 entry, 
         Parent1ReferencesParent2 connection)
    {
        if (entry == null)
            return connection.toEntry.Equals(Guid.Empty);
    
        return connection.toEntry.Equals(entry.Guid);
    }

    Always care for entry == null, this will be used to check whether the head of the shape is meant. Even if you do not allow the head to be source or target this method will be called with a null parameter from time to time.

12. Create a partial class for your Domain Model (CompartmentMappingExampleDomainModel) and add the following methods.

    protected override Type[] GetCustomDomainModelTypes()
    {
      return CompartmentMappingUtil.AllCompartmentMappingRules(this);
    }

    (If you have already some custom rules, you can use an overloaded version of the AllCompartmentMappingRules() method.)

13. In the DslPackage project create a partial class for the generated Command Set and add the following code:

    protected override IList<MenuCommand> GetMenuCommands()
    {
        return CompartmentMappingUtil.RemoveRerouteCommand
                                    (base.GetMenuCommands());
    }

That’s all. The mapping from compartment entry to compartment entry should be working after compiling the solution.

Advanced Features

As I mention above you can mix compartment and regular shapes. You only need to create a DSL with these shapes and configure the xml file another way. As you see, inside the <Connection> element there is no longer a reference to the diagram elements, only the domain classes are used here. Obviously if you use inheritance all your classes need to have the same base class for <DomainClass> itself and for <EntryDomainClass>. If the concrete class is mapped to a compartment shape, the compartment mappings, otherwise a mapping of regular shapes, will be used.

If one of source or target is always a regular shape, please use ModelElement for <EntryDomainClass>.

At the bottom of the xml file you have to list all shapes that play a role in your mapping. Use the xml elements <CompartmentShape> and <RegularShape> therefore.

Inside your Parent1ReferencesParent2BuilderInstance class you can override some more methods to allow or forbid the creation of connectors. I think the names and signatures speak for themselves:

• bool CanAcceptAsCompartmentSource
   (SOURCE_ELEMENT candidate, 
    SelectedCompartmentPartType partType, 
    SOURCE_COMPARTMENT_ENTRY candidateEntry)

• bool CanAcceptAsCompartmentTarget
   (TARGET_ELEMENT candidate, 
    SelectedCompartmentPartType partType, 
    TARGET_COMPARTMENT_ENTRY candidateEntry)

• bool CanAcceptAsCompartmentSourceAndTarget
    (SOURCE_ELEMENT sourceElement, 
    SelectedCompartmentPartType sourcePartType, 
    SOURCE_COMPARTMENT_ENTRY sourceEntry, 
    TARGET_ELEMENT targetElement, 
    SelectedCompartmentPartType targetPartType, 
    TARGET_COMPARTMENT_ENTRY targetEntry)

Advanced Sample

In addition to the sample above I build a second one. There I want to create mappings form some Inputs to some Outputs, where one of these Inputs or Outputs can be an entry of a compartment shape or a whole regular shape. This regular shape contains a property Kind that makes the shape to an Input or an Output (to show you the use of the CanAcceptAs... methods).

The DSL model looks like this:

The project with all sources is part of the samples in the JaDAL download.

Download

The compartment mapping library and both samples are part of JaDAL – Just another DSL-Tools Addon Library which you can download from CodePlex.

When using CompartmentShapes in your DSL you can define the text displayed in the head of each compartment in the DSL designer (there is a property Title for every compartment):

Unfortunately I didn’t find any way to change this text from my source code or by binding it to some DomainProperty. I’m using an abstract base class with the embedded fields that are displayed in this compartment and I have some concrete classes inheriting from the base class. The shapes for all those concrete classes should look nearly the same; the only difference is the compartment header text. I think it is not a good idea to model a separate shape for every concrete class only for having different header texts.

After a little bit of research I found an extension point to achieve my aim. The CompartmentShape class contains a GetCompartmentDescriptions() method. To override this method you have to create the CompartmentShape as Double Derived and create a partial class.

I think you should take a look at the implementation of this method in the generated class. Indeed this method is defined in the CompartmentShape class, but it caches the value in a static field. So all shapes (within the same type) share the same CompartmentDescription. Now you can change it before returning it in this method. Just alter the text or do some other funny things like coloring or setting font types.

public override CompartmentDescription[] GetCompartmentDescriptions()
{
    CompartmentDescription[] descriptions;
    descriptions = base.GetCompartmentDescriptions();

    // I know there is only one CompartmentDescription
    // but maybe you should check it first
    CompartmentDescription desc = descriptions[0];

    if (this.ModelElement is ClassA)
        desc.Title = "Fields of A";

    if (this.ModelElement is ClassB)
    {
        desc.Title = "Fields of B";
        desc.TitleFontSettings = new FontSettings {Bold=true};
        desc.CompartmentFillColor = Color.LightBlue;
    }

    return descriptions;
}

However there is a little drawback: This method is called only once (at least it seems so) when a shape is created (or the diagram is loaded). After that you cannot change the compartment description. For my problem it doesn’t make any difference. Maybe you can call some method to invalidate the shape and force it to reevaluate the method, but I’m not sure. If somebody knows some working solution for this, please leave a comment.

Today I released the new version of PhotoTagStudio with a lot of stability and usability enhancements and the ability of changing exif time and date data.

Some more new features are:

• Support for drag and drop from PTS to other applications (e.g. the explorer).
• Navigating from picture to picture in the current folder with the PageDown and PageUp keys.
• Deleting files from within PTS with a Button and the Del key (don’t worry, you will be asked again before deleting and deleting means moving to the recycle bin!)
• Since PTS contains more and more features form version to version some of them are now by default hidden. Take a look at the configuration dialog or use the right-click-context-menu on the tab header on the right side if you are looking for a missing feature.

See http://phototagstudio.irgendwie.net/